Transformation of Degree এবং degree change exercise মোট ৩ প্রকার degrees রয়েছে

Adjective শব্দ বা Adverb শব্দের মাঝে তুলনা করাকে Degree change বা Comparison of Degree বলা হয়ে থাকে ইংরেজি ব্যাকারনে। এটি Transformation of Sentences এর উপরে একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অধ্যায়। এখানে আমাদেরকে একটি বাক্যকে Positive থেকে Comparative বা Superlative এ পরিবর্তন করতে হয় adjective বা adverb শব্দের পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম অনুসরন করে। আমি Changing Degree এর উপরে ৫ টি নিয়ম আলোচনা করতে যাচ্ছি এই অধ্যায়ে।

 

adjectives এবং adverbs এর ক্ষেত্রে মোট ৩ প্রকার degrees রয়েছেঃ

 

Positive Degree– (no comparison -কোন তুলনা হবেনা)

Comparative Degree– (comparison between two persons or objects-দুইজনের বা দুটি বিষয়ের মধ্যে তুলনা হবে)

Superlative Degree– (comparison among several persons or objects-অনেক ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর মধ্যে তুলনা হবে)

 

Positive Degree                              Comparative Degree                  Superlative Degree

Strong                                              Stronger                                         Strongest

Great                                               Greater                                           Greatest

Old                                                  Older/elder                                     Oldest/eldest

Small                                               Smaller                                            Smallest

Few                                                 Fewer                                              Fewest

Weak                                              Weaker                                             Weakest

Hot                                                  Hotter                                              Hottest

Big                                                   Bigger                                             Biggest

Large                                               Larger                                              Largest

Wise                                                Wiser                                                Wisest

Easy                                                 Easier                                               Easiest

Beautiful                                          More beautiful                                Most beautiful

Intelligent                                        More Intelligent                              Most

Good/well                                        Better                                                Best

Bad/badly/                                       evil/ill                                              Worse/Worst

Many/much                                     More                                                  Most

Fore                                                 Former                                              Foremost/first

Little                                                Less                                                 Least

Late                                                 Later/latter                                        Latest/last

Far                                                    Farther                                            Farthest

Fore                                                 Further                                              Furthest

Out                                                  Outer/utter                                         Outmost/outermost

Up                                                    Upper                                               Uppermost

 

কিছু বিষয় যা তোমাকে মনে রাখতে হবেঃ

 

Degrees পরিবর্তনের সময় কিছু নির্দিষ্ট বিষয় তোমাকে মনে রাখতে হবে।

 নিম্নে সেগুলো দেওয়া হলঃ

 

 

Rule 01:

(Positive Degree এর চিহ্ন হল “as….as/so….as”)

 

Rule 02:

(Comparative Degree এর চিহ্ন হল “than”)

 

Rule 03:

(Superlative Degree এর চিহ্ন হল “the”)

 

Rule 04:

(Adjective বা Adverb যে শব্দটি দেওয়া আছে তা Degree এর বিভিন্ন রূপ যেমনঃ (Positive- Strong)/ (Comparative- Stronger) / (Superlative-Strongest) অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।

 

Rule 05:

(Degree পরিবর্তনের সময় মূল বাক্যের অর্থের কোন পরিবর্তন হওয়া যাবেনা)

 

 

Rule 06:

(Degree পরিবর্তনের সময় মূল বাক্যের subject এবং object এর স্থান পরিবর্তন করতে হবে। অর্থাৎ, Positive Degree তে object টিকে Comparative Degree / Superlative Degree তে subject হিসেবে বসাতে হবে)

 

Superlative Degree কে Positive Degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম:

Rule 1:

No other + প্রদত্ত Superlative এর পরের অংশ + verb + so/as + Superlative Degree এর Positive form +as+ মূল sentence এর subject.

Superlative: Rony is the smallest player in the team.

Positive: No other player in the team is as small as Rony.

Superlative: Sima is the best housewife.

Positive: No other housewife is as good as Sima.

Rule 2:

all other, most other, many other, few other, very few, one of the Superlative Degree (Positive Degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়মঃ

প্রথমে very few + Superlative এর পরের অংশ +verb এর plural form + so/as + Superlative Degree এর Positive form + as + মূল sentence এর subject.

Superlative: He is one of the best players in the team. mam

Positive: Very few players in the team are as good as he.

Superlative: Iron is one of the most useful metals.

Positive: Very few metals are as useful as Iron.

 

Comparative into positive

Rule 1:

Then any other/all other যুক্ত Comparative Degree কে Positive Degree তে রুপান্তরের নিয়মঃ

No other + any other/all other এর পরের অংশ + verb + so/as + Comparative Degree এর Positive form + as + প্রদত্ত sentence এর subject.

Comparative: kibria is greater than any other boy in the class.

Positive: No other boy in the class is as great as Kibria.

Comparative: Dhaka is larger than all other cities in Bangladesh.

Positive: No other cities in Bangladesh are as large as Dhaka.

 

Rule 2:

Then যুক্ত Comparative Degree কে Positive Degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়মঃ

Then এর পরের অংশ + verb + not + so/as + Comparative এর Positive form +as+ প্রদত্ত sentence এর subject

Comparative: Rony is bigger than Bony. Positive: Bony is not as big as Rony. Comparative: He is stronger than I.

Positive: I am not as strong as he.

 

Rule 3:

Then most other/ than few other যুক্ত Comparative Degree কে Positive Degree করার নিয়মঃ

Very few + most other/few other + verb এর plural form + so/as + Comparative এর Positive form +as+ প্রদত্ত sentence এর subject.

Comparative: The gold is most useful than most other metals.

Positive: very few metals are as/so useful as gold.

Comparative: A. K. Fazlul Haque was greater than most other politicians in Bangladesh.

Positive: very few politicians in Bangladesh were as/so great as A. K. Fazlul Haque.

 

Rule 4:

No less/not less.........than যুক্ত Comparative Degree কে Positive Degree করার নিয়মঃ

No less/not less এর পরিবর্তে উক্ত যায়গায় as বসে এবং than এর পরিবর্তে উক্ত যায়গায় as বসে। আর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।

Comparative: He is no less intelligent than you.

Positive: He is as intelligent as you.

Comparative: Kripa is not less clever than shipa.

Positive: Kripa is as clever as shipa.

 

Rule 5:

No sooner had.... than যুক্ত Comparative Degree কে Positive Degree করার নিয়মঃ

No sooner had এর পরিবর্তে as soon as + subject + verb এর past form(v2) +than এর পূর্বের অংশ +than এর পরিবর্তে কমা বসে + বাকী অংশ।

Comparative: No sooner had he seen me than he ran away.

Positive: As soon as he saw me, he ran away.

 

Superlative into comparative

Rule 1:

Subject + verb + Superlative এর comparative form + than any other +প্রদত্ত sentence এর বাকী অংশ

Superlative: He is the best player in the team.

Comparative: He is better than any other player in the team.

Note: All of /of all থাকলে All of এর পরিবর্তে than all other বসে।

Superlative: He is the best of all men.

Comparative: He is better than all other man.

 

Rule 2:

One of the যুক্ত Superlative Degree কে Comparative Degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম:

Subject + verb + Superlative এর comparative form + than most other + প্রদত্ত sentence এর বাকী অংশ।

Superlative: Kibria is one of the best players in the team.

Comparative: Kibria is better than most other players in the team.

Superlative: Canada is one of the coldest countries in the world.

Comparative: Canada is colder than most other countries in the world.

 

 

Positive into comparative

Rule 1:

No other যুক্ত positive Degree কে Comparative Degree করা

প্রদত্ত sentence এর subject + verb + positive degree এর comparative form + than any other + no other এর পর থেকে verb এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত।

Positive: No other player in the team is as good as him.

Comparative: He is better than any other player in the team.

Positive: No other country in the world is so/as cold as Canada.

Comparative: Canada is colder than any other country in the world.

Rule 2:

Very few যুক্ত positive Degree কে Comparative Degree করা

প্রদত্ত sentence এর subject + verb + positive degree এর comparative form + than most other + no other এর পর থেকে verb এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত।

Positive: Very few students are so good as Lablu.

Comparative: Lablu is better than most other students.

 

Rule 3:

As.....as যুক্ত positive Degree কে Comparative Degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম:

প্রদত্ত sentence এর শেষের subject + verb + not + positive degree এর comparative form +than+ প্রদত্ত sentence এর প্রথম subject

●                   Positive: He is as good as his brother

Comparative: His brother is not better than him.

 

 

Comparative into superlative

Rule 1:

Subject + verb + the + Comparative এর superlative form + other এর পরের অংশ।

Comparative: He is better than any other player in the team.

Superlative: He is the best player in the team.

Note- other এর পর plural noun থাকলে superlative এর পরে of all বসে।

Comparative: He is bigger than of all boys.

Superlative: He is the tallest of all boys.

 

Rule 2:

Then most other/than few other যুক্ত Comparative কে Superlative করা

Subject + verb + one of the + Comparative degree এর superlative form + most other/few other এর পরের অংশ।

Comparative: Vatican City is smaller than most other countries in the world.

Superlative: Vatican City is one of the smallest countries in the world.

Comparative: Dhaka is bigger than most other cities in Bangladesh.

Superlative: Dhaka is one of the biggest cities in Bangladesh.

 

Positive into superlative:

Rule 1:

No other যুক্ত positive degree কে superlative degree করা

প্রদত্ত sentence এর শেষের Subject + verb + the + positive এর superlative form + no other এর পর থেকে verb এর আগের অংশ।

Positive: No other player in the team is as good as Raju.

Superlative: Raju is the best player in the team.

Positive: No other man man in the society is as good as him.

Superlative: He is the best man in the society.

 

Rule 2:

Very few যুক্ত positive degree কে superlative degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়মঃ

প্রদত্ত sentence এর শেষের Subject + verb + one of the + positive এর superlative form + very few এর পর থেকে verb এর আগের অংশ।

Positive: Very few men in the village are as tall as Kabir.

 Superlative: Kabir is one of the tallest men in the village.

Positive: Very few people in the country are as good as Rakib.

Superlative: Rakib is one of the best people in the country.